Following a weekend of nationwide protests and the Army's "Grand Military Parade and Celebration," President Donald Trump directed U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials to ramp up efforts to detain and deport migrants from large Democratic-run cities including Los Angeles, Chicago and New York. Trump called for the expanded deportation June 15 post on Truth Social.

Since Trump took office, the average number of people held in immigration detention centers has increased 25%, according to the Department of Homeland Security. The uptick in detentions comes against a backdrop of a divisive national debate over immigration enforcement. Trump deployed California's National Guard to Los Angeles to quell protests over immigration policies and ICE arrests.

California is one of six states with laws preventing local and state agencies from partnering with ICE to enforce federal immigration laws. Under the California Values Act – the state's sanctuary law – state and local police are prohibited from investigating, detaining, or deporting its residents for purposes of immigration enforcement, according to CalMatters. The law does not prevent the federal government from deporting undocumented residents living in California, but rather limits local and state police cooperation with federal immigration officers.

More than 600 state and local agencies throughout the country have signed agreements to work with ICE through the 287(g) Program .

Depending on the type of agreement, local law enforcement can question inmates about their immigration status, serve warrants or work on task forces.

As of early June, there are 629 agreements between local law enforcement and ICE. Agencies in Florida represent 43% of total agreements, followed by Texas with 14%.

Which counties are working with ICE? Search below

Jail Enforcement Model: The model is designed to identify and process undocumented residents – with pending criminal charges – who are arrested by state or local law enforcement agencies.

Task Force Model: Allows local law enforcement to enforce limited immigration authority with ICE oversight during their routine police duties. Local agents are supposed to receive 40 hours of online training to participate.

Warrant Service Officer program: Allows ICE to train, certify and authorize state and local law enforcement officers to serve and execute administrative warrants on undocumented persons in the agency’s jail.

How long has the program been around?

Local law enforcement have been participating in the 287(g) Program since 2002 . The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 authorizes the collaboration between federal immigration authorities and local police agencies. In its beginning years, the program focused on detaining and deporting undocumented immigrants with criminal records, CBS reported.

As the program expanded, local agencies began using the partnership to detain as many undocumented immigrants as possible, according to CBS. There were no new agreements made between December 2020 and February 2025 during former President Biden 's administration.

A record number of state and local agencies have signed onto the program since Trump took office this year.

Pushback against the program

Critics say the program harms immigrant communities. ProPublica reported that the 287(g) Program has been accused of increasing racial profiling and creating fear among immigrant communities who may be reluctant to report crimes.

The program has faced criticism from the federal government as well. A 2018 internal watchdog report from the Department of Homeland Security concluded that the program does not adequately train and supervise local agencies. And a 2021 report from the Government Accountability Office said ICE failed to establish performance goals for the program such as measuring oversight of local law enforcement agency partners, according to the American Immigration Council.

An i nvestigation by the Department of Justice found that local law enforcement in North Carolina and Arizona engaged in patterns of constitutional violations after entering an agreement with the 287(g) program.