Since President Trump began a widespread crackdown on immigration, few Republicans in Congress have criticized his efforts to facilitate mass deportations, including of migrants authorized to live or work in the United States.

But a small group of Republican lawmakers from South Florida has begun gently pushing back against the administration’s move to strip hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans of deportation protections under a program known as Temporary Protected Status, or T.P.S.

The objections from Representatives María Elvira Salazar, Carlos Gimenez and Mario Díaz-Balart — whose families fled Cuba after Fidel Castro gained power — were an unusual instance of dissent by congressional Republicans, who have rarely deviated from Mr. Trump’s policies, especially when it comes to his hard-line immigration agenda.

The disagreements escalated this week after the Supreme Court on Monday upheld the Trump administration’s cancellation of the deportation protections. The criticism has been fairly muted and carefully worded, reflecting the line that Republicans must walk when criticizing Mr. Trump. But all three cautioned the White House against deporting people who may be fleeing an oppressive socialist government.

Ms. Salazar, whose district in the Miami area is home to roughly 30,000 Americans of Venezuelan descent, said she was “deeply disappointed” that the Supreme Court ruled to end the protections for “innocent people.” The court’s ruling came after Kristi Noem, the homeland security secretary, in January canceled a Biden-era provision that extended protections for the group of Venezuelans through Oct. 2, 2026.

“We should protect those fleeing tyranny — not return them to it,” Ms. Salazar said in a statement. She called on the Trump administration to shield the hundreds of thousands of Venezuelans from immediate deportation under a different program known as Deferred Enforced Departure.

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